Photometry is a branch of optics that deals with measuring light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. It is concerned with quantifying the amount of light that is emitted, transmitted, or received by an object or a system.
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Photometry
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Radiometry is the science of measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, across the electromagnetic spectrum. It focuses on quantifying the energy of light, independent of its effect on the human eye, unlike photometry which deals with perceived brightness.
X-ray crystallography is a technique used to determine the three-dimensional structure of molecules by analyzing how X-rays are diffracted when they pass through a crystal.
Electron Microscopes - the world of single atom physics
Electron microscopy is a high-resolution imaging technique that uses a beam of electrons to visualize the structure of materials and biological samples, offering magnification far beyond that of light microscopes. (images atoms)
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