In the past Canada's defence focus, structures and strategies where grounded in a very different world. Today global integration has changed the world. Defence focus was until recently on the ABCs:
atomic, biological and chemical threats. The letter D has also been added now for digital - the cyber threat from both state and non-state actors. Soon there will be more.
In recent years there have been greater concern not about man made threats, but nature made threats - disease in previously hidden animal reservoirs now accessible and transmissible globally within hours.
We have had some near misses - like the coronavirus. We have not been so lucky with the spread of the Nile virus.
Canada has a well developed medical capability but may not have a robust overall panedemic strategy.